Elder

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A shrubby deciduous tree with fragrant, divided leaves. White, hermaphrodite flowers in flat topped masses appear between April and July. Fruit is a berry-like droupe, purplish-black when ripe.

The plant is a traditional source of various dyes, black dye from the bark and roots, green dye from the leaves and various violet dyes from the berries. Elder wine, syrup and cordial are made from the flowers and berries. Widely used in traditional and modern medicine. The bark contains the purgative sambucine, the flowers fragrant oil, the fruits tannin, muselage, potassium nitrate and vitamin C. An infusion from elder flowers known as "Tsai zambucos" is taken to combat colds, fevers, pharyngitis, tonsilitis, nephritis and stomatitis in Cyprus. Traditionally bark and root extracts were used as laxatives and leaf extracts as ointment for bruises. Elder flower water used in eye and skin lotions. In modern medicine the flowers are employed for their strong diaphoritic action against fevers and also as diurectics and expectorants. It is often taken as a hot infusion to increase the sweating effect. The wood is highly resistant and holy crosses amongst other things are made from it, partly because it is believed that Judas hung himself from an elder tree.